Deliverables

Due May 2021.

Due May 2021.

Due March 2021.

Due May 2021.

Due November 2021.

Commission approval ongoing.

The main aim of the PASCAL project is to create the Guide2Autonomy that will improve the understanding of the implications of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) on society as well as educate their future drivers, passengers and those who will have to share the road with them.

This deliverable D7.1 “Impact areas and paths” identifies the different impact areas and pathways that allows us to assess the impacts in the different areas such as from the perspective of the human individual, wider public acceptance and societal needs, including vulnerable groups. It will lay the basis for an indicator based impact assessment framework to be developed in task 7.2. Gaps are defined for which further research is needed and to which PAsCAL will partly be able to contribute.

The document will allow researchers to adopt a more human centred approach in their research evaluations and provide to policy makers a better understanding of how they can bring the different societal needs into the development and debate on the future of CAV.

Until now, there is little academic research that focusses on the behavioural and associated social and societal impacts of CAVs (less than 6%) of the total research. On the basis of the PAsCAL literature research different human and societal impact areas were identified that can be classified as follow:

• Features of CAV technology and services, including where potential behavioural factors (i.e. motivators and barriers) are at stake;
• Perceptions of individuals (e.g. users, drivers, pilots, cyclists), acceptance of technology and willingness to use CAVs;
• Impact areas related to the specific needs of vulnerable groups (e.g. elderly, impaired, children), including a spatial division between urban and rural areas; and finally
• wider societal impact areas.

The following scheme presents the PAsCAL impact areas and paths identified and how they influence each other (see Annex 1 for details).

Commission approval ongoing.

The goal of WP7 is to assess the long-term impact of connected- and autonomous vehicles-related solutions developed in PAsCAL and to contribute to the structure of the Guide2Autonomy. D7.2 in this context provides an overview over indicators and methodologies that can be employed both within PAsCAL as well as beyond.

The document lists indicators that will measure progress in a variety of contexts and settings, across a variety of solutions and maturity levels. Primarily, CAV user-related acceptance indicators will be covered, strongly interrelated to the document structure in D7.1, where “willingness to use/adopt”, “willingness to pay”, “willingness to let others use” as well as “changes in mobility patterns” were concepts discussed for the main framework. These are supported by indicators targeting factors such as “perceived risk”, “perceived ease of use”, “perceived quality of travel”, “perceived usefulness”, general attitudes and ergonomic and human factors.

Beyond these, acceptance by road co-users such as pedestrians and bicyclists are discussed, and acceptance by other stakeholders such as local authorities, business and producers. A particular focus is laid on the needs and requirements of vulnerable user groups, and how their perspectives can be taken into consideration, including the availability of solutions to them, their adequacy in the context, accessibility and affordability, as well as social inclusion and of course human dignity and ethics.

Finally, the document takes a higher-level abstract perspective and considers indicators that should be measured for a society wide standpoint, such as changes in overall journey times, network capacity, transport mode shifts, impacts on safety and security overall, socioeconomic impacts, indicators for quality of life and public awareness, and the overall concept of public acceptance.

A wide range of academic and grey literature as well as previous EU grantsupported projects are taken into consideration to collect this overview of indicators, and where little previous research exists, new indicators are developed within PAsCAL.

Due January 2022.

Due January 2022.